Keraton Yogyakarta is The Best Place of Tour Indonesia
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| Keraton Yogyakarta |
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| Tamansari Keraton Yogyakarta |
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| Traditional Ceremony at Keraton Yogyakarta |
customary holders. It is therefore not surprising that the values of philosophy as well as mythology surrounds Yogyakarta Palace. And that is why in 1995 Ngayogyakarta Palace Complex was nominated to become a UNESCO World Heritage Site
Spatial planning and public architecture
The chief architect of this palace is the Sultan Hamengkubuwana I, founder of the Yogyakarta Sultanate. His expertise in the field of architecture appreciated by Dutch scientists, Theodoor Gautier Thomas Pigeaud and Lucien Adam who regard it as the "architect" of brothers Pakubuwono II Surakarta ". The building principal and the basic design layout of the palace following the basic landscape design of the old city of Yogyakarta settled between the years 1755-1756. Other buildings added later by the Sultan of Yogyakarta next. Forms palace looks today is largely the result of the renovation and restoration done by lane VIII (reigned in 1921-1939).Corridors in the background Kedhaton Gedhong Jene and Gedhong Purworetno
In the past the main part of the palace, from the north keselatan, starting from the north gate Gladhag got Plengkung Nirboyo in the south. The main parts of Yogyakarta palace from north to south are: Gate Gladag-Pangurakan; Square complex Ler (North Field) and Gedhe Mosque (Masjid Raya Kingdom); Exhibition Complex, the complex Siti Hinggil Ler, Ler Kamandhungan complex; Sri Manganti complex; Kedhaton complex; Kamagangan complex; Kidul Kamandhungan complex; Siti complex Hinggil Kidul (now called Sasana Hinggil); as well as the South Square (South Field) and Plengkung Nirbaya commonly called Plengkung Gadhing [9] [10].
Parts of the north with the south Kedhaton virtually symmetrical. Most buildings in the north Complex Kedhaton facing north and south of the Complex Kedhaton facing south. In the area of its own Kedhaton most buildings facing east or west. However, there is a building facing another direction.
In addition to the main parts of the north-south axis of the palace also has another part. These sections include Pracimosono Complex, Complex Roto Wijayan, Kilen Palace Complex, Kompleks Taman Sari, and the Crown Prince Palace Complex (initially Sawojajar later in nDalem Mangkubumen). All around the palace and included defense system consisting of a wall / walls Cepuri and Baluwerti. Outside the walls of the buildings that are associated with the palace include Tugu Pal Putih, Gedhong Krapyak, nDalem Kepatihan (Prime Minister's Palace), and Beringharjo.
The general architecture
In general, each of the main complex consists of pages that are covered with sand from the beach to the south, the main building as well as a companion, and sometimes planted certain trees. Complexes with one another separated by a wall high enough and connected with Regol which is usually styled Semar Tinandu. Doors made of teak wood is thick. Behind or in front of each gate there is usually a partition wall called Renteng or Baturono. In particular regol this baffle are distinctive ornaments.
Keraton buildings look more stylish traditional Javanese architecture. In certain parts look a touch of foreign cultures like the Portuguese, the Dutch, and even China. Buildings in the complex each are formed / constructed Joglo or derivation / derivative construction. Joglo open without a wall called a closed ward while joglo called Gedhong wall (building). In addition there are buildings that form a canopy roof of bamboo and bamboo poster called Tratag. In the development of the building is roofed and colonnaded iron.
Joglo roof surfaces in the form of a trapezoid. The material is made of shingles, the isthmus, as well as zinc and usually red or gray. The roof is supported by the main pillars of the call with Soko Guru that is in the middle of the building, as well as the other poles. Building poles are usually dark green or black with ornamental yellow, light green, red, and gold as well as others. To the other buildings made of wood has a color matching the color on the pole. In particular building (eg Manguntur Tangkil) has a daughter Mirong ornaments, stylized calligraphy of Allah, Muhammad, and Alif Lam Mim Ra, in the middle of the pole.
For the stone pedestal, Ompak, black combined with gold colored ornaments. The white color dominates the wall of the building or complex separation wall. The floor is usually made of white marble or tile motif. The floor is made higher than a sandy yard. In particular building has a main floor higher. In particular building is equipped with a square stone called Selo Gilang place puts the Sultan's throne.
Each building has a class depending on their function, including its proximity to the office. The main class for example, a building used by Sultan in his official capacity, has detailed ornamentation more elaborate and beautiful than the class below it. The lower the grade of the building, the more simple ornaments ornaments do not even have it at all. Besides ornaments, classroom buildings can also be seen from the material and shape of a part or the whole of the building itself.
Front Complex
1. Gladhag-Pangurakan
The main gate to get into the complex Keraton Yogyakarta from the north is the gate and gate Gladhag Pangurakan [15] which is located just a few meters to the south. Both of these gates looked like a layered defense [16]. In his day said to Pangurakan is where you can drop a watch list or point the expulsion of the city for those who got the penalty of exile / disposal [17].
Another version says that there are three gates Gladhag gate, Gate Pangurakan nJawi, and Gapura Pangurakan lebet [18]. Gladhag first gate located at the north end of Jalan Trikora (Post Office Yogyakarta and Bank BNI 46) but now it is not there. To the south is the gate Pangurakan nJawi which is still standing and being the first gate if it enters the palace from the north. In the south gate Pangurakan nJawi there Plataran / field Pangurakan which has now become part of Jalan Trikora. Its southern boundary is Gapura Pangurakan lebet are also still standing. Following from there Pangurakan Gate Square Complex Ler.
2. Square Lor
Terrain, "Square Lor", in the northern part of the palace of Yogyakarta with its tree Ringin Kurung
Lor square is a grassy field in the north of Yogyakarta Palace. Formerly the clearing of the square is surrounded by a fence wall is high enough. Now the wall is not seen again except on the east side of the south. Currently the square narrows and only the middle is visible. At the edge of the paved road had been built, which opened to the public.
At the edge of the square is planted with rows of trees Banyan (Ficus benjamina; Moraceae family) and there are a pair of middle-middle banyan tree by the fence called K. Sengkeran / Ringin Kurung (banyan fenced). Both of these trees are named Kyai Kyai Dewadaru and Janadaru. In addition to his day just Pepatih Dalem Sultan which may pass / walk between the banyan tree which is fenced. This place is also used as an arena of the people sit down to do "Tapa Pepe" when Pisowanan Ageng as a form of objection to the government's policy. Employee / servant-Dalem Kori will meet them to hear all grievances are then submitted to the Sultan who was sitting on Siti Hinggil.
On the sidelines of the banyan tree at the edge of the north, east, and west there is a small pavilion called Pekapalan, where transit and stay the Regents of Foreign Sultanate regions. The building is now a lot has changed functions and some have disappeared. Formerly in the south there is a building which is now a separate complex, performances.
In ancient times the square Lor is used as a venue for events and royal ceremonies involving many people. Among these are Garebeg ceremony and sekaten, events and rampogan watangan tiger, pisowanan ageng, and so forth. Now this place is often used for a variety of events that also involve the community such as music concerts, campaigns, public meetings, the venue for worship until the Muslim holiday is also used for football people around and the parking of vehicles.
3. Mosque Gedhe Kasultanan
Mosque complex Gedhe Sultanate (Masjid Raya Empire) or the Great Mosque of Yogyakarta is located in the west of the complex square north. The complex is also called Gedhe Kauman mosque surrounded by a high wall. The main door is located on the east side of the complex. Architecture-shaped main building with a roof covered square tajug bertumpang three. To get into the main entrance are on the east and the north. On the side there is a pulpit in the western part of the three-storey wooden, mihrab (the imam leading the prayer), and a cage-like building called maqsurah. In his time (for security reasons) in this place Sultan worship. The porch of the mosque rectangular shaped joglo open. The floor of the mosque parent made higher than the mosque porch and the porch floor is much higher than the courtyard of the mosque. On the side of the north-east-south porch there is a small pool. In ancient times this pool to wash the feet of people who want to enter the mosque.
In front of the mosque there is a courtyard planted with trees. In the north and south page (northeast and southeast of the mosque building motorways) there is a building called Pagongan rather high. Pagongan in northeast mosque called the Pagongan Ler (North Pagongan) and located in the southeast called the Pagongan Kidul (South Pagongan). When Sekaten, Pagongan Ler used to put Sekati Kangjeng Gamelan Kyai (KK) Naga Wilaga and Pagongan Kidul to gamelan Sekati KK Guntur Madu. In southwest Pagongan Kidul there is the door to enter the mosque compound used in the highway Footprint ceremony Boto [29] on Sekaten in Dal. In addition there are Pengulon, official residences Kangjeng Kyai Pengulu [30] in the north of the mosque and the old cemetery in the west of the mosque.
Core Complex
1. Exhibition complex
The main building is Ward performances formerly known as Tratag Creep [31]. In his day performances is where the leaders of the empire to the Sultan at the official ceremony. Now often used for tourism events, religion, and others in addition to ceremonial palace. Pair of Ward Pemandengan located on the far east and west performances. In the past this place used by the Sultan to watch military exercises in Square Lor.
Pair of Ward Pasewakan / clamp located right on the outer side of the east and west wings of performances. Formerly used by the commander of the Sultanate received an order from the Sultan or waiting to report to him later also used as a guard Regents Anom Jaba [32]. It is now used for tourism purposes (a kind of diorama depicting traditional procession, the palace and the other soldiers). Ward Pengrawit located in the southern part of the east wing Tratag performances were used by the Sultan to appoint Pepatih Dalem. Currently on the south side of the complex is decorated with reliefs struggle of Sultan HB I and Sultan HB IX. Exhibition Complex was once used by the University of Gadjah Mada before has campuses in Bulak well. [33].
2. Siti Hinggil Ler
In the south of the complex performances are complex Siti Hinggil. Siti complex Hinggil traditionally used to hold official ceremonies kingdom. In this place on December 19, 1949 used the inauguration of the Univ. Gadjah Mada. The complex is made higher than the surrounding soil with two levels for the ride is on the north and south. In between performances and Siti Hinggil planted with rows of trees Gayam (Inocarpus edulis / Inocarpus fagiferus; family Papilionaceae).
On the right and left lower end of the ladder north Siti Hinggil there are two Ward Pacikeran used by servants and Singonegoro Dalem Mertolulut [34] until about 1926. Pacikeran barasal ciker meaning of the word breaking hand. Building Tarub Court is located right at the top levels of the north. The building is a square-shaped canopy with four poles, where the authorities of transit waiting for his entourage entered the inner palace. In the northeast and northwest Tarub Court found Kori Ward. In this place formerly served servants and the servant-Kori Dalem Dalem prosecutor whose function is to convey the people's petition and complaints to the Sultan.
Ward Manguntur Tangkil located in the middle Siti Hinggil under or inside a large open hall called Tratag Sitihinggil [35]. This building is where the Sultan sits on his throne at the time of the official royal events such as the inauguration and Pisowanan Sultan Agung. In this ward also on December 17, 1949 Ir. Soekarno inaugurated as President of the Republic of Indonesia States. Ward Witono stood on the south Manguntur Tangkil. The main floor ward greater than Manguntur Tangkil is made higher. This building used to put the emblems of the kingdom or royal heritage during the official royal event [36].
Bale Bang is located in the east Tratag Siti Hinggil in ancient times used to store the device Gamelan sekati, KK [37] Guntur Madu and KK Naga Wilaga. Bale Angun-angun located west Tratag Siti Hinggil in his day was a place to store the spear, KK-angun Angun Suro.
3. Kamandhungan Lor
In the south Siti Hinggil there is a hallway that stretched to the east-west direction. The south wall of the hallway is a Cepuri wall and there is a big gate, Regol Brojonolo, as liaison Siti Hinggil with Kamandhungan. On the east and west side of the south gate there are checkpoints. The gate is only opened during the official royal event and on other days always in a closed state. To get into the complex Kamandhungan in the palace complex once daily through the gate Keben on the east and west sides of this complex that each into the respective doors to the street Kemitbumen and Rotowijayan.
Kamandhungan complex Ler often called Keben because in her yard planted with trees Keben (Barringtonia asiatica; family Lecythidaceae). Ward Ponconiti which is in the midst of the yard's main building in the complex. In the past (roughly until 1812) this ward used to hear the case under penalty of death by the Sultan himself who led the court. Another version says used to prosecute all cases related to the royal family. This ward is now used in traditional events such as Garebeg and sekaten. In the south there is a large canopy Ponconiti wards to lower the guests from their vehicles called Bale Antiwahana. In addition to both the building there are several other buildings in this place. [38]
4. Sri Manganti
Sri Manganti complex located south of the complex Kamandhungan Ler and connected by Regol Sri Manganti. In the partition wall hangings are giant Makara. On the west side of the complex are Sri Manganti Ward who in his day was used as a place for receiving important guests of the kingdom. Now at this location housed several heritage palace in the form of gamelan musical instruments. It is also enabled for the organization of tourism events palace.
Ward Traju Mas located on the east side first into a royal officials when accompanying Sultan dala welcome guests. Another version says the possibilities for this place to be the tribunal (?). This place used to put some heirloom which include stretchers and dressing table. This hall once collapsed on May 27, 2006 due to the earthquake that rocked Yogyakarta and Central Java. After the restoration process that takes a long time finally in early 2010 this building has to stand in its place.
In the east ward, there are two guns made in Sultan HB II flanking a lettered inscription and China. On the east side stands Gedhong Parentah Hageng Karatons, building High Administrative court. Also on this page are Pecaosan Attorney ward, ward Pecaosan Soldiers, sheds and other buildings Pecaosan Dhalang. [39]
5. Kedhaton
Gate Donopratopo, Kraton Yogyakarta
On the south side of the complex Sri Manganti stand Regol Donopratopo connecting with Kedhaton complex. In front of the gate there is a pair of giant statues Dwarapala called Cinkorobolo Bolobuto on the east and west. On the east side there is a checkpoint. On the south wall insulation depends symbol of the kingdom, Praja Cihna [40].
Kedhaton complex is at the core of the whole palace. The yard was mostly dirindangi by kecik Sapodilla tree (Manilkara kauki; family Sapotaceae). This complex can be divided into at least three sections of the page (quarter). The first part is the Court Kedhaton and is part of the Sultan. The next part is the princess who is part of the wife (wives) and the daughter of the Sultan. The last part is Kesatriyan, is part of Sultan's sons. In this complex of buildings or parts thereof are not all open to the public, especially from the ward Kencono westward.
At the Court of Kedhaton, Ward Kencono (Golden Pavilion) facing east is the main hall of the palace. In this place held ceremonies for the royal family in addition to a state ceremony. On the fourth side of this building there Tratag Kencana ward that was used to practice dancing. In the west ward Kencana are nDalem Ageng Proboyakso facing south. Wood-paneled building was the center of the palace as a whole. In it was buried Heritage kingdom (Royal Heirlooms), Throne Sultan, and symbols of the kingdom (Regalia) others.
In the north nDalem Ageng Proboyakso stand Gedhong Jene (The Yellow House) a residential building of the (official residence) Sultan's throne. The building is dominated by the yellow color of the door and the poles used to Sultan HB IX. By Sultan HB X point facing eastward is used as a private office. While the Sultan himself resides in Keraton Kilen [41]. In the northeast Gedhong Jene stand only one-story building in the palace, Gedhong Purworetno. This building was built by Sultan HB V and became the official office of the Sultan. This building facing Kencana ward to the south.
In the south ward Kencana Ward Manis stood facing eastward. The building is used as a royal official banquet. Now it is used to clean the royal heritage in Suro [42]. Other buildings in this section is Ward Box [43], Ward Mandalasana [44], Gedhong Patehan [45], Gedhong Danartapura [46], Gedhong Siliran [47], Gedhong Sarangbaya [48], Gedhong gangsa [49], and others etc. In this same place now stands the new building, Gedhong Glass as a museum Sultan HB IX.
Keputren is home to the Empress and concubine of the king. In a place that has a special place for worship [50] in his day the princess stayed unmarried. This place is a closed area since it was first established until now. Kesatriyan in his day used as the residence of the prince who is not married. The main building is Pendapa Kesatriyan, Gedhong Pringgandani, and Gedhong Srikaton. Kesatriyan section is now used as a venue for tourism event. Among Plataran Kedhaton and Kesatriyan formerly the stables driven by the Sultan. [51]
Kamagangan
On the south side of the complex there Kedhaton Regol Kedhaton Kamagangan connecting the complex with Kemagangan complex. The gate is so important because in the partition wall north there are statues of two snakes depicting the founding of Keraton Yogyakarta [52]. On the south side there are also two snakes on the right and left of the gate depicting the same year.
Kemagangan complex formerly used for recruitment of employees (servants Dalem Magang), a training and exams as well as apples loyalty of the servant-Dalem apprenticeship. Ward Magangan located in the middle of a large courtyard used as a ceremonial place Bedhol Songsong, a puppet show which marks the completion of the entire procession ritual at the palace. Building Pawon Ageng (the palace kitchen) Sekul Langgen located on the east side and Pawon Ageng Gebulen located on the west side. Both of these names refer to the type of rice dishes and rice Langgi Gebuli. In the southeast and southwest corner there Panti Pareden. Second place is used to make Pareden / Gunungan on the eve Garebeg. On the east and west sides are arch each a door to the street and street Suryoputran Magangan.
On the south side there is a large courtyard road connecting the complex with Regol Gadhung Kamagangan Mlati. Back in the mid-section there is a suspension bridge that crosses the canal that connects the two Taman Sari artificial lake in western and eastern complex of Taman Sari. In the west where there are small jetty used by the Sultan for boating over the canal and a visit to Taman Sari. [53]
Kamandhungan Kidul
At the south end of a small road in the south of the complex Kamagangan there is a gate, Regol Gadhung Mlati, linking the complex to the complex Kamagangan Kamandhungan Kidul / south. The gate insulating wall has the same ornaments with Kamagangan gate insulating walls. In the complex there Kidul Kamandhungan main building Kamandhungan Ward. This hall is said to have originated from Pandak village gazebo area Karang Nangka Sokawati that had become the Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I stationed during the war throne III. On the south side there is a gate Kamandhungan Kidul, Regol Kamandhungan, which became the most southern entrance of the complex cepuri. Among the complex Kamandhungan Hinggil Kidul Kidul and Siti are called Pamengkang road. [54]
Siti Hinggil Kidul
Meaning of Siti Hinggil ie high ground, siti: land and hinggil: high. Siti Hinggil Kidul or now known as Sasana Hinggil Dwi Abad is located in the north square Kidul. Siti Hinggil Kidul spacious complex of approximately 500 square meters. The ground level of the building is elevated about 150 cm of the soil surface in the vicinity [55]. The east side-north-west of the complex there is a small street called Pamengkang, where people passing by every day. Formerly in the middle there is a gazebo Siti Hinggil simple then restored in 1956 into a Gedhong Sasana Hinggil Dwi Abad as a mark 200th anniversary of the city of Yogyakarta.
Siti Hinggil Kidul used in ancient times by the Sultan's palace to watch the soldiers who are doing the rehearsal ceremony Garebeg, the human race witnessed the tiger (rampogan) [56] [?] And to practice female soldiers, Langen Kusumo. This place also becomes the beginning of a long journey's funeral procession Sultan who died to Imogiri. Now, Siti Hinggil Kidul used to shew the performing arts to the public in particular puppets, exhibitions, and so on. [57]
Complex Back
1. South SquareSouth Square (South) is the main square in the southern part of Yogyakarta Palace. South Square is often referred to as Pengkeran. Pengkeran derived from the word pengker (form manners) of buri (rear). This is consistent with the square keletakan Kidul which is located behind the palace. The square is surrounded by a square wall which has five arches, the fruit on the south side and on the east and west sides of each two. Between the northern and southern gate on the west side there is ngGajahan an enclosure to maintain the elephant belongs to the Sultan. Around the square planted with mango trees (Mangifera indica; family Anacardiaceae), pakel (Mangifera sp; Anacardiaceae family), and kuini (Mangifera odoranta; family Anacardiaceae). Banyan tree there are only two pairs. Pair in the middle of the square is called supit Urang (literally = claw shrimp) and another pair on either side of the gate south side called Wok (from the word bewok, harfiaf = beard). From the south side of the gate there is a road that connects with Plengkung Ivory Nirbaya. [58]
2. Plengkung Nirbaya
Plengkung Nirbaya the south end of the main axis of the palace. From this point of Sultan HB I entered the Sultan Palace at the time of transfer of the administrative center of Kedhaton Amber Ketawang [59]. This gate is traditionally used as an exit route for the long funeral procession to the Sultan of Imogiri. For this reason this place then be closed to the Sultan who was on the throne.
Another part Keraton
1. PracimosonoPracimosono complex is part of the palace reserved for the soldiers of the palace. Before serving ceremonial palace of the soldiers are preparing at this place. The complex is closed to the public is located on the west performances and Siti Hinggil Lor. [60]
2. Roto Wijayan
Roto Wijayan complex is part of the palace to store and maintain a horse-drawn carriage. This place may be referred to as a garage palace. Current complex Railway Museum Roto Wijayan into the palace. In this complex is still kept various royal train that was used as official vehicles. Some of them are KNy amulets, KK Garuda Yaksa, and Kyai Rata Pralaya. This place can be visited by tourists. [61]
3, Closed Area
The complex of plants is a park complex located in the northwest complex Kedhaton place where the royal family and royal guests stroll. The complex is closed to the public. Panepen complex is a mosque used by the Sultan and the royal family as a place to carry out daily worship and places Nenepi (a type of meditation). This place is also used as a place of ceremony for the Sultan's family [62]. This location is closed to the public. Kilen Palace complex built during Sultan HB VII. The location is in the west princess became the official residence of Sultan HB X and his family. This location is closed to the public. [63]
4. Taman Sari
Swimming Baths Bannerman Binangun, Taman Sari, Kraton Yogyakarta
Kompleks Taman Sari is a relic of Sultan HB I. Taman Sari (Fragrant Garden) means beautiful park, which in ancient times was a place of recreation for the sultan and their courtiers. In this complex there is a place that is still considered sacred in Taman Sari, namely pasareyan Ledoksari a clash and a private place of Sultan. Interesting building is well Gumuling in the form of two-story buildings with a floor underneath located in the basement. In the past, this building is the sort of place Sultan mosque to worship. This section can be reached through an underground passage. In other parts there are many other underground passage, which is a secret way, and prepared as a savior if at any time it gets complex enemy attack. Now the complex Taman Sari left only a few. [64]
5. Duchy
Complex nDalem Mangkubumen Istana crown prince or known as the Duchy (derived from the title of Crown Prince: "Prince Duke Anom." This place is located in Kampung Duchy northwest Taman Sari and Ngasem. Now the complex is used as the Univ Widya Mataram. before assuming nDalem Mangkubumen, Palace of the Crown Prince was in Sawojajar, south gate arch / Plengkung Tarunasura (Wijilan). Remnants of existing which include Selo mosque that was at Sawojajar. [65]
6. Fortress Baluwerti
Fortress Baluwerti Sultan Palace is a wall which surrounds Yogyakarta Palace and the surrounding region. This wall was founded on the initiative of Sultan HB II when he was crown prince in the year 1785-1787. The building is then amplified again around 1809 when he was serving as the Sultan. The fort has a thickness of about 3 meters and a height of about 3-4 meters. To get into the fort area provided five door archway called Plengkung, two of which up to now can still be witnessed. As a defense in all four corners established bastions, three of which can still be seen today. Please read also Prambanan Temple at this blog.
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